Consider the quantum code $T(S)$ defined by the encoding circuit shown below:
The initial state is of the form $\ket{\psi}\ket{0}\ket{+}$, where $\ket{\psi}$ is an arbitrary single qubit state to be encoded. Two stabilizers $M_1$ and $M_2$ acting on the three qubits can be associated to this initial state such that $\ket{0}$ is a $+1$ eigenstate of $M_1$ and $\ket{+}$ is a $+1$ eigenstate of $M_2$. Since $Z\ket{0}=\ket{0}$ and $X\ket{+}=\ket{+}$, then $M_1=IZI$ and $M_2=IIX$. The ``logical" Pauli operators in this case are simply $\overline{X}=XII$ and $\overline{Z}=ZII$.
When passing through some gate $U$ in an encoding circuit the stabilizer generators and logical Pauli operators after the action of the gate $U$ can be updated to new stabilizer generators $M'_1, M'_2$ and new logical Paulis $\overline{X}', \overline{Z}'$ given by conjugation by $U$:
\[
M'_1=UM_1U^\dagger , M'_2=UM_2U^\dagger, \overline{X}'=U\overline{X}U^\dagger, \overline{Z}'=U\overline{Z}U^\dagger.
\]
In the table shown below, such an updating procedure is shown for every gate in the encoding circuit. The following relations were used throughout
\[\begin{align*}
&HXH=Z, \ \ HZH=X , \ \ \ \ RXR^\dagger=Y, \ \ RZR^\dagger=Z \\
&CNOT(X\otimes I)CNOT=X\otimes X, \ \ CNOT(I\otimes X)CNOT=I\otimes X \\
&CNOT(Z\otimes I)CNOT=Z\otimes I, \ \ CNOT(I\otimes Z)CNOT=Z
\otimes Z
\end{align*}\]
Therefore, the stabilizer generators of $S$ are $M_1=-YZY$ and $M_2=-XXY$, and the logical Pauli operators corresponding to generators of $N(S)/S$ are $\overline{X}=IYX$ and $\overline{Z}=-XXY$.
Let $\delta$ be an $n\times n$ matrix and $S$ a $2n\times 2n$ matrix given as
\[
S=\begin{pmatrix}
0 & \delta \\
\delta & 0
\end{pmatrix},
\]
where here $0$ is an $n\times n$ matrix. By definition, $S$ is symplectic if and only if $J=S^TJS$, where
\[
J=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &I \\
I & 0
\end{pmatrix}.
\]
Then since
\[
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &I \\
I & 0
\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &\delta^T \\
\delta^T & 0
\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}
0 &I \\
I & 0
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &\delta \\
\delta & 0
\end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &\delta^T\delta \\
\delta^T\delta & 0
\end{pmatrix},
\]
in order for $S$ to be a symplectic matrix it must be the case that $I=\delta^T\delta$. Let the columns of the matrix $\delta$ be given by $\vec{r}_i\in\mathbb{Z}^n_2$ for $i\in\{1,\dots,n\}$. Then the condition $I=\delta^T\delta$ can then be interpreted as requiring each row $\vec{r}_i$ to have unit norm, $\vec{r}_i\cdot\vec{r}_i=1 (mod \ 2)$, and also that distinct rows be orthogonal, $\vec{r}_i\cdot\vec{r}_j=0 (mod \ 2)$ for $i\neq j$.
Now let the matrix $\delta=(d_{a,b})_{a,b}$ be given by
\[
d_{a,b}=
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
1 \ \ \text{for} \ \ a \neq b\\
\\
0\ \ \text{for} \ \ a=b\\
\end{array}
\right.
\]
Then the condition $\delta^T\delta=I$, implies that $\delta^T\delta=\delta^2=(\sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{a,i}d_{i,b})_{a,b}=(\delta_{a,b})_{a,b}=I$. Therefore, $\sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{a,i}d_{i,a}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}d^2_{a,i}=n-1(mod 2)=1$ and $\sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{a,i}d_{i,b}=n-2(mod 2)=0$, which implies that $n$ must be even. Hence the matrix
\[
S=\begin{pmatrix}
0 & \delta \\
\delta & 0
\end{pmatrix},
\]
is symplectic if and only if $n$ is even.
Consider the case $n=4$ with $\delta$ defined as above. Then
\[
S=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 1 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 0&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&0 \\
0 &1 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\]
The objective here will be to find symplectic matrices $V_{L,k},V_{R,k}\in\{H, CNOT\}$ such that
\[
\left(\PROD{k=1}{g_L}V_{L,k} \right)S\left(\PROD{k=1}{g_R}V_{R,k} \right)=I.
\]
This would then imply that
\[
\left(\PROD{k=g_l}{1}V^\dagger_{L,k} \right)\left(\PROD{k=g_R}{1}V^\dagger_{R,k} \right)=S,
\]
giving a decomposition of $S$ in terms of $H$ and $CNOT$ gates alone. Actually, in what follows, only matrices acting from the left will be considered, so that $g_R=0$ and
\[
\left(\PROD{k=1}{g_L}V_{L,k} \right)S=I \ \ \text{so that} \ \ \left(\PROD{k=g_L}{1}V^\dagger_{L,k} \right)=S
\]
In general, for a symplectic matrix in the block form:
\[
U=\begin{pmatrix}
A & B \\
C & D
\end{pmatrix},
\]
the action of multiplying on the left by $H_i$ has the effect of switching the $i$th rows of $(A | B )$ and $(C | D )$. The action of $CNOT_{i,j}$ has the effect of adding the $i$th row of $(A |B)$ to the $j$th row of $(A | B )$, and adding the $j$th row of $( C | D ) $ to the $i$th row of $(C|D)$.
Consider the following sequence of transformations:
\[\begin{align*}
S=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 1 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 0&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&0 \\
0 &1 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\overset{CN_{4,1}CN_{3,1}CN_{2,1}}\rightarrow&
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 0&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&0 \\
0 &1 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\\
\overset{CN_{1,4}CN_{1,3}CN_{1,2}}\rightarrow&
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 1&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&1 \\
1 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\\
\overset{CN_{4,1}CN_{3,1}CN_{2,1}}\rightarrow&
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 1 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 1&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&1 \\
1 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &1 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\\
\overset{H_{1}H_{2}H_{3}H_{4}}\rightarrow&
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &1 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 1 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 1&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&1 \\
\end{pmatrix}=I
\end{align*}\]
Recalling that $H^\dagger=H$ and $CNOT^\dagger=CNOT$, and reversing the order of the operations used above then yields a sequence of operations that implements $S$ (the rightmost operation is applied first) :
\[
S=CN_{2,1}CN_{3,1}CN_{4,1}CN_{1,2}CN_{1,3}CN_{1,4}CN_{2,1}CN_{3,1}CN_{4,1}H_{4}H_{3}H_{2}H_{1}.
\]
A circuit diagram depicting this sequence is shown below:
The initial state is of the form $\ket{\psi}\ket{0}\ket{+}$, where $\ket{\psi}$ is an arbitrary single qubit state to be encoded. Two stabilizers $M_1$ and $M_2$ acting on the three qubits can be associated to this initial state such that $\ket{0}$ is a $+1$ eigenstate of $M_1$ and $\ket{+}$ is a $+1$ eigenstate of $M_2$. Since $Z\ket{0}=\ket{0}$ and $X\ket{+}=\ket{+}$, then $M_1=IZI$ and $M_2=IIX$. The ``logical" Pauli operators in this case are simply $\overline{X}=XII$ and $\overline{Z}=ZII$.
When passing through some gate $U$ in an encoding circuit the stabilizer generators and logical Pauli operators after the action of the gate $U$ can be updated to new stabilizer generators $M'_1, M'_2$ and new logical Paulis $\overline{X}', \overline{Z}'$ given by conjugation by $U$:
\[
M'_1=UM_1U^\dagger , M'_2=UM_2U^\dagger, \overline{X}'=U\overline{X}U^\dagger, \overline{Z}'=U\overline{Z}U^\dagger.
\]
In the table shown below, such an updating procedure is shown for every gate in the encoding circuit. The following relations were used throughout
\[\begin{align*}
&HXH=Z, \ \ HZH=X , \ \ \ \ RXR^\dagger=Y, \ \ RZR^\dagger=Z \\
&CNOT(X\otimes I)CNOT=X\otimes X, \ \ CNOT(I\otimes X)CNOT=I\otimes X \\
&CNOT(Z\otimes I)CNOT=Z\otimes I, \ \ CNOT(I\otimes Z)CNOT=Z
\otimes Z
\end{align*}\]
Therefore, the stabilizer generators of $S$ are $M_1=-YZY$ and $M_2=-XXY$, and the logical Pauli operators corresponding to generators of $N(S)/S$ are $\overline{X}=IYX$ and $\overline{Z}=-XXY$.
Let $\delta$ be an $n\times n$ matrix and $S$ a $2n\times 2n$ matrix given as
\[
S=\begin{pmatrix}
0 & \delta \\
\delta & 0
\end{pmatrix},
\]
where here $0$ is an $n\times n$ matrix. By definition, $S$ is symplectic if and only if $J=S^TJS$, where
\[
J=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &I \\
I & 0
\end{pmatrix}.
\]
Then since
\[
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &I \\
I & 0
\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &\delta^T \\
\delta^T & 0
\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}
0 &I \\
I & 0
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &\delta \\
\delta & 0
\end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &\delta^T\delta \\
\delta^T\delta & 0
\end{pmatrix},
\]
in order for $S$ to be a symplectic matrix it must be the case that $I=\delta^T\delta$. Let the columns of the matrix $\delta$ be given by $\vec{r}_i\in\mathbb{Z}^n_2$ for $i\in\{1,\dots,n\}$. Then the condition $I=\delta^T\delta$ can then be interpreted as requiring each row $\vec{r}_i$ to have unit norm, $\vec{r}_i\cdot\vec{r}_i=1 (mod \ 2)$, and also that distinct rows be orthogonal, $\vec{r}_i\cdot\vec{r}_j=0 (mod \ 2)$ for $i\neq j$.
Now let the matrix $\delta=(d_{a,b})_{a,b}$ be given by
\[
d_{a,b}=
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
1 \ \ \text{for} \ \ a \neq b\\
\\
0\ \ \text{for} \ \ a=b\\
\end{array}
\right.
\]
Then the condition $\delta^T\delta=I$, implies that $\delta^T\delta=\delta^2=(\sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{a,i}d_{i,b})_{a,b}=(\delta_{a,b})_{a,b}=I$. Therefore, $\sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{a,i}d_{i,a}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}d^2_{a,i}=n-1(mod 2)=1$ and $\sum_{i=1}^{n}d_{a,i}d_{i,b}=n-2(mod 2)=0$, which implies that $n$ must be even. Hence the matrix
\[
S=\begin{pmatrix}
0 & \delta \\
\delta & 0
\end{pmatrix},
\]
is symplectic if and only if $n$ is even.
Consider the case $n=4$ with $\delta$ defined as above. Then
\[
S=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 1 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 0&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&0 \\
0 &1 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\]
The objective here will be to find symplectic matrices $V_{L,k},V_{R,k}\in\{H, CNOT\}$ such that
\[
\left(\PROD{k=1}{g_L}V_{L,k} \right)S\left(\PROD{k=1}{g_R}V_{R,k} \right)=I.
\]
This would then imply that
\[
\left(\PROD{k=g_l}{1}V^\dagger_{L,k} \right)\left(\PROD{k=g_R}{1}V^\dagger_{R,k} \right)=S,
\]
giving a decomposition of $S$ in terms of $H$ and $CNOT$ gates alone. Actually, in what follows, only matrices acting from the left will be considered, so that $g_R=0$ and
\[
\left(\PROD{k=1}{g_L}V_{L,k} \right)S=I \ \ \text{so that} \ \ \left(\PROD{k=g_L}{1}V^\dagger_{L,k} \right)=S
\]
In general, for a symplectic matrix in the block form:
\[
U=\begin{pmatrix}
A & B \\
C & D
\end{pmatrix},
\]
the action of multiplying on the left by $H_i$ has the effect of switching the $i$th rows of $(A | B )$ and $(C | D )$. The action of $CNOT_{i,j}$ has the effect of adding the $i$th row of $(A |B)$ to the $j$th row of $(A | B )$, and adding the $j$th row of $( C | D ) $ to the $i$th row of $(C|D)$.
Consider the following sequence of transformations:
\[\begin{align*}
S=\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 1 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 0&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&0 \\
0 &1 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\overset{CN_{4,1}CN_{3,1}CN_{2,1}}\rightarrow&
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 0&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&0 \\
0 &1 & 1& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\\
\overset{CN_{1,4}CN_{1,3}CN_{1,2}}\rightarrow&
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 1&1 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 1&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&1 \\
1 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &1 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
1 &0 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\\
\overset{CN_{4,1}CN_{3,1}CN_{2,1}}\rightarrow&
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 1 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 1&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&1 \\
1 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &1 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
\\
\overset{H_{1}H_{2}H_{3}H_{4}}\rightarrow&
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &1 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 1& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 1 & 0 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 1 & 0&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 1&0 \\
0 &0 & 0& 0 & 0 & 0 & 0&1 \\
\end{pmatrix}=I
\end{align*}\]
Recalling that $H^\dagger=H$ and $CNOT^\dagger=CNOT$, and reversing the order of the operations used above then yields a sequence of operations that implements $S$ (the rightmost operation is applied first) :
\[
S=CN_{2,1}CN_{3,1}CN_{4,1}CN_{1,2}CN_{1,3}CN_{1,4}CN_{2,1}CN_{3,1}CN_{4,1}H_{4}H_{3}H_{2}H_{1}.
\]
A circuit diagram depicting this sequence is shown below: